Short Choke

What is the Short Choke? (Definition & Historical Context)

The Short Choke is a streamlined variation of the classic Rear Naked Choke (RNC), distinguished by its omission of the traditional figure-four arm configuration. Rather than threading the choking arm behind the opponent's head and gripping one's own biceps, the Short Choke employs a palm-to-palm gable grip, positioning the forearm directly across the opponent's neck. Historically, this technique falls under the broader category of hadaka jime ("naked choke") in Judo, highlighting its effectiveness without reliance on gi collars. In Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and submission grappling, the Short Choke rose to prominence as a high-percentage finish from back control, notably popularized by grappling legend Marcelo Garcia.

Biomechanics and Principles of the Short Choke

The Short Choke primarily functions as a blood choke, compressing the carotid arteries to induce unconsciousness. The choking arm wraps tightly around the opponent’s neck, ideally positioning the elbow directly beneath their chin. The rigid radius bone of the forearm applies pressure to one side of the neck, while the attacker’s bicep or shoulder simultaneously compresses the opposite side. A secure palm-to-palm gable grip creates a compact, powerful noose around the neck, reinforced by driving the supporting elbow downward behind the opponent’s shoulder. Proper elbow alignment ensures symmetrical pressure, while leveraging the back muscles (latissimus dorsi) and pulling the elbows toward the ribs maximizes choking force. Maintaining tight chest-to-back contact and precise head positioning eliminates slack, ensuring optimal effectiveness.

Step-by-Step Guide to Applying the Short Choke from Back Control

1. Establish a secure seatbelt grip from back mount, maintaining firm chest-to-back contact.
2. Slide your choking arm around the opponent’s neck, positioning your elbow directly beneath their chin.
3. Form a tight palm-to-palm gable grip by clasping your choking hand with your supporting hand.
4. Keep your choking wrist straight, placing the blade of your forearm firmly against the opponent’s neck.
5. Drive your supporting elbow downward behind the opponent’s shoulder to tighten the choke.
6. Engage your back muscles, pull your elbows toward your ribs, expand your chest, and slightly arch your back to complete the submission.

Common Mistakes and Execution Pitfalls

• Exposing the choking arm prematurely: Allowing the opponent to grip and defend effectively.
• Misalignment of the choking arm: Placing the forearm across the chin or too shallow, significantly reducing choking pressure.
• Weak or loose grip: Failing to secure a tight palm-to-palm gable grip, enabling the opponent to pry hands apart.
• Relying solely on arm strength: Neglecting to engage the back muscles, leading to fatigue and diminished effectiveness.
• Leaving slack or space: Not maintaining tight chest-to-back contact, providing the opponent room to escape.

Effective Defenses and Escapes Against the Short Choke

Early-Stage Defenses

• Immediate hand-fighting: Quickly establish two-on-one control of the attacker’s choking arm to prevent grip formation.
• Chin tuck and shoulder shrug: Protect the neck by tucking the chin and elevating the shoulders, making it difficult for the attacker to secure a deep choke.

Mid-Stage Defenses

• Turning toward the underhook side: Rotate toward the attacker’s underhook arm (the "safe side") to alleviate choking pressure and facilitate escape.
• Breaking the grip: Insert fingers or thumbs between the attacker’s hands to pry apart their palm-to-palm grip.

Late-Stage Escapes

• Emergency measures: Employ aggressive bridging, rolling, or forcefully peeling the choking arm away as a last resort.

Strategic Usage and Tactical Applications

The Short Choke serves as an ideal alternative when opponents effectively defend the traditional Rear Naked Choke. Its simplicity and rapid application make it particularly effective in no-gi grappling scenarios. In MMA, fighters frequently utilize the Short Choke due to the interference gloves can cause with traditional RNC grips. Additionally, its straightforward mechanics make it highly practical in self-defense situations, offering a quick, high-pressure choke without intricate hand positioning. Beyond standard back control, practitioners can effectively apply the Short Choke from alternative positions such as the crucifix and turtle control.

Notable Practitioners and Competition Examples

Marcelo Garcia is renowned for his frequent and highly effective use of the Short Choke, making it one of his signature submissions from back control. The technique is regularly showcased at elite no-gi competitions, notably at events such as ADCC 2007, where Garcia demonstrated its effectiveness against world-class opponents.