What is the Gi Choke from Back? (Definition & Historical Context)

The Gi Choke from Back encompasses a variety of submission techniques in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu that utilize the opponent’s own gi collar to execute a strangle from back control. Originating from Judo's okuri-eri-jime ("sliding lapel strangle"), these chokes were seamlessly integrated into Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu due to their effectiveness and versatility. Common variations include the standard sliding collar choke (cross-collar choke from the back), the Bow and Arrow choke, and arm-in collar chokes such as the Arm-In Ezekiel. Widely regarded as one of the highest-percentage submissions in gi competition, the classic back-collar choke consistently ranks among the most frequent finishes in modern tournaments.

Biomechanics of Gi Chokes from Back Control

Gi chokes from back control function by strategically wrapping the opponent’s lapel around their neck, applying targeted pressure to both carotid arteries. Typically, the attacker inserts one hand deeply inside the opponent’s collar—often thumb-in behind the neck—to establish a secure choking grip targeting one carotid artery. The opposite hand then grips the other side of the collar or lapel, removing slack and tightening the fabric like a noose. This cross-collar configuration creates a powerful blood choke, rapidly restricting blood flow to the brain and potentially rendering the opponent unconscious. Unlike the Rear Naked Choke, gi collar chokes leverage the attacker’s entire body structure, maximizing effectiveness without relying solely on arm strength.

Step-by-Step Guide: Standard Sliding Collar Choke from Back

1. From back control, establish a deep thumb-in grip inside the opponent’s collar, positioning your hand securely behind their neck.
2. With your opposite hand, grip the other side of the opponent’s collar or lapel, pulling out any slack to tighten the choke.
3. Maintain proper body positioning by keeping your chest firmly pressed against the opponent’s back and using your legs (hooks or body triangle) to control their hips.
4. Engage your entire body by pulling your elbows back and expanding your chest, maximizing choking pressure and securing the submission.

Bow and Arrow Choke Variation: Detailed Execution

The Bow and Arrow choke is a highly effective variation of the gi choke from back control:

1. Secure a deep collar grip from behind, similar to the standard sliding collar choke.
2. Shift your body angle slightly to one side, throwing your leg over the opponent’s shoulder on the same side as your choking hand.
3. Utilize your leg as a post, creating a push-pull dynamic by pulling the collar grip with both arms while pushing away with your leg.
4. Control the opponent’s far side (grabbing their pants, belt, or lat/triceps area) to prevent rotation and escape, maximizing the choke’s effectiveness.

Arm-In Ezekiel Variation: Mechanics and Setup

The Arm-In Ezekiel choke provides another powerful gi choke option from back control:

1. Position one arm behind the opponent’s head, wrapping around their neck.
2. With your opposite hand, grip inside your own gi sleeve, creating a tight fabric loop around the opponent’s neck.
3. Apply pressure by extending your arms and squeezing, compressing the carotid arteries and securing the choke.

This variation differs from standard collar chokes by leveraging your own gi sleeve, creating a unique and highly effective choking mechanism.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Applying Gi Chokes from Back

• Allowing excessive slack in collar grips, significantly reducing choking pressure.
• Poor body positioning, such as leaning too far back or failing to maintain chest-to-back contact, weakening the choke.
• Neglecting control of the opponent’s far side, enabling them to rotate and escape the submission.

Defensive Strategies and Escapes from Gi Chokes from Back

Effective defense against gi chokes from back control involves:

• Early grip fighting to prevent the attacker from establishing deep collar grips.
• Rotating your body and adjusting your position to alleviate choking pressure.
• Employing proven escape routes, such as turning into the attacker or bridging and sliding your shoulders to the mat, particularly effective against Bow and Arrow and sliding collar choke variations.

Strategic and Tactical Applications in Competition

Gi-based chokes from back control represent a cornerstone strategy in gi Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu competition. High-level athletes frequently favor these submissions due to their high finish rate and the superior control provided by lapel grips. Strategically, practitioners often apply gi chokes immediately after securing back mount or from transitional positions like turtle. Additionally, the interplay between gi choke threats and Rear Naked Choke setups creates tactical dilemmas for opponents, forcing them to divide their defensive attention and increasing the likelihood of a successful submission finish.