Wristlock

What is the Wristlock? (Definition & Historical Context)

The wristlock is a joint lock submission targeting the wrist (radiocarpal joint) by twisting or bending the hand beyond its natural range of motion. Historically prominent in traditional martial arts such as jujutsu, Aikido, and Hapkido, wristlocks have long been valued for their effectiveness in self-defense scenarios. In Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ), the wristlock is commonly known in Portuguese as "mão de vaca" (cow's hand). Although historically perceived with some stigma as a sneaky or cheap submission, wristlocks have gained broader acceptance in modern BJJ, paralleling the rise in popularity of leglocks.

Biomechanics and Principles of Wristlocks

Wristlocks primarily target the radiocarpal joint, where the distal radius and ulna articulate with the carpal bones of the hand. Effective wristlocks involve applying leverage to hyperextend, hyperflex, or rotate the wrist beyond its anatomical limits. Proper execution requires isolating the wrist joint by controlling adjacent joints—particularly the elbow and shoulder—to prevent the opponent from relieving pressure. Ligaments such as the radial and ulnar collateral ligaments, along with the dorsal and palmar radiocarpal ligaments, become overstretched under applied force. Additionally, tendons controlling wrist movement experience significant tension, making wristlocks potent submissions when executed precisely.

Common Setups and Entries to the Wristlock

Wristlocks frequently arise opportunistically from various positions and submission attempts. Common setups include:

  • Wristlock from the Triangle Choke (bottom position), exploiting the immobilized arm.
  • Wristlock following an Omoplata sweep, capitalizing on the opponent's trapped arm position.
  • Wristlock from a Kimura grip in side control, taking advantage of the opponent's defensive posture.
  • Opportunistic wristlocks when opponents defend submissions like the Armbar by clasping their hands, inadvertently exposing their wrists.

Detailed Execution: Wristlock from Triangle Choke

To execute a wristlock from the Triangle Choke, the attacker first secures the opponent's arm and shoulder tightly using their legs. With the opponent's elbow immobilized against the thigh and shoulder pinned, the attacker employs a two-on-one grip to control the opponent's hand. By applying forward pressure (palmar flexion), the attacker forces the wrist into hyperflexion, resulting in submission. Maintaining tight control over the elbow and shoulder ensures the wrist joint absorbs maximum leverage.

Detailed Execution: Wristlock from Mount Position

From the mount position, the attacker isolates the opponent's elbow by pinning it with their knee and body weight. Using both hands, the attacker firmly grips the opponent's hand, controlling the palm and knuckles securely. Applying downward pressure, the attacker folds the wrist inward toward the forearm. This wristlock is particularly effective when the opponent defensively places their hands on the attacker's chest or collar, inadvertently exposing their wrist.

Common Mistakes and Pitfalls in Wristlock Application

Practitioners often encounter several common errors when applying wristlocks:

  • Attempting wristlocks without first isolating the opponent's elbow and shoulder, allowing easy escapes.
  • Relying solely on arm strength rather than integrating core, chest, or leg leverage.
  • Incorrect grip placement, such as gripping too close to the fingers, resulting in ineffective or illegal small-joint manipulation.
  • Telegraphing wristlock attempts, giving opponents time to react and defend.
  • Lack of controlled, gradual pressure application, increasing injury risk and loss of control.

Defense and Escape Strategies Against Wristlocks

Effective wristlock defense begins with preventative measures, such as maintaining proper hand positioning and wrist stabilization. If caught in a wristlock, practitioners should immediately align and mobilize their arm to relieve pressure, often by straightening or rotating the wrist and arm. Engaging larger joints, such as the elbow and shoulder, can create space and reduce leverage. Hand-fighting techniques, like peeling the opponent's grip or bracing the trapped hand, can neutralize the submission. Additionally, postural adjustments and body rotations can alter the angle of attack, diminishing the wristlock's effectiveness.

Strategic Use Cases and Timing for Wristlocks

Wristlocks are most effective when applied opportunistically, capitalizing on opponents' defensive reactions or errors in hand placement. They serve as excellent secondary submission options when primary attacks like the Armbar, Kimura, or Omoplata stall or fail. Common strategic scenarios include exploiting an opponent's hand posted on the mat or chest, or attacking from closed guard and dominant top positions such as mount and side control. The element of surprise and rapid onset make wristlocks valuable tools in a grappler's arsenal.

Legality and Competition Considerations for Wristlocks

Under IBJJF (International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation) rules, wristlocks are permitted for adult competitors at blue belt level and above. However, they remain prohibited for white belt adults and all juvenile divisions due to safety concerns. Wristlocks can cause rapid injury due to the delicate nature of wrist ligaments and bones, necessitating controlled application in training and competition. Despite historical stigma, wristlocks have become increasingly accepted in competitive BJJ environments, recognized for their effectiveness and versatility when applied responsibly.

Wristlock Submission Statistics

Gi vs No-Gi Distribution

70 Submissions
Gi
57 (81.4%)
Nogi
13 (18.6%)

Most Wristlock Finishes

Percentage of All Submissions

2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Percentage (%)
Year
Gi
Nogi
Showing the percentage of submissions won using Wristlock relative to all submission victories in Gi and No-Gi contests

Matches Won by Wristlock

FightersEventDateWeight
Mason Kleinfelddef.Jacob Kruger2024 Fight to Win 259
2024
Sep 13
Dante Leondef.Magid Hage2022 ADCC World Championships
2022
Sep 17
-77kgs
Rolando Samsondef.Vitor Peres2022 IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu CON International
2022
Sep 1
-88kgs
Alexandre de Jesus “Robinho”def.Sean Patrick Fisher2022 IBJJF Atlanta Spring International Open
2022
May 8
Middleweight
Leo Laradef.Celso FilhoPan IBJJF Jiu Jitsu Championship 2022
2022
Apr 10
Middleweight
Leo Laradef.Celso Filho2022 Pan Jiu Jitsu IBJJF Championship
2022
Apr 6
Middleweight
Dominique Belldef.Ioannis Proios2022 European Jiu-Jitsu IBJJF Championship
2022
Feb 15
Heavyweight
Nick Sallesdef.Charles McGuire2021 IBJJF Detroit Open
2021
Jun 12
Absolute Division
Laurah Hallockdef.Laura Kent2020 Subversiv 4
2020
Oct 31
Thomas McMahondef.Brian SheehanFight to Win 155
2020
Oct 23
270lbs
Stuart Maddoxdef.Leonarda D’Avila2020 Pan Jiu-Jitsu IBJJF Championship
2020
Oct 8
Ultra Heavyweight
Jurandir Conceiçãodef.Romulo Almeida2020 IBJJF Curitiba Summer Open
2020
Feb 19
Ultra Heavyweight
Lucas Rochadef.Samuel Glenn Wells2019 IBJJF Atlanta Summer Open
2019
Sep 19
Absolute Division
Melvin Revilladef.Perry BatesonFight 2 Win 115
2019
Jun 15
Max Gimenisdef.Renan Marcel Rodrigues Vieira2019 World Jiu-Jitsu IBJJF Championship
2019
May 30
Ultra Heavyweight
Yago de Souzadef.Garrett Aldrich2019 IBJJF Orlando Spring Open
2019
Apr 6
Absolute Division
Isaac Doederleindef.João Gabriel SousaAbu Dhabi King of Mats, Lightweight
2019
Mar 10
Lightweight
Nikki Sullivandef.Tracy PhamFight 2 Win Pro 94
2018
Nov 17
Bantamweight
Mick Mahondef.Max FreitasFight 2 Win Pro 88
2018
Oct 6
Erberth Santosdef.Alexandro Ceconi2018 King of Mats Los Angeles
2018
Sep 23
Heavyweight